Etch and Alodine is absolutely safe but you need to be able to rinse it really well. Kind of tough to do on a built up wing, especially if the ribs aren't varnished yet. From where you're at I would probably stick with the red scotchbrite pad, clean well with acetone and use the two part rattle can epoxy primer that Jerry suggests. I've got a couple fresh cans that just arrived here yesterday. That stuff sprays on better than I ever thought I would see from a rattle can.
I've come to the conclusion that I'm way more worried about the way the wood ages vs the aluminum. My Citabria had lots of both materials (and a lot of 4130) and I can tell you the aluminum was doing better than the wood in terms of fighting off moisture over a period of 5+ decades. To that end I have made epoxy varnishing my new hobby.
I did etch and Alodine every piece of aluminum before building my wings and that is where I'm going to stop.