Well, the polyester repair putty didn't work. It never cured beyond the consistency of chewed gum. I suspect that I didn't add enough MEK to the putty, so it never fully cured. I seem to remember having a similar problem the first time I used it, to plug the badly drilled holes in the seat pan. Anyway, I pulled it off, scraped away as much as possible, then rubbed at it with acetone to remove the sticky residue. Sigh...
Instead of trying that again right away, I moved to rebuilding the edges where I had to grind away significant material. To form a backing for the new material, I softened a hotel key card (thanks, Hilton!) with a propane torch, then formed it to the seat pan and taped it in place.
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Next I cut out some patches of fiberglass mat in increasing sizes to layer into the repair.
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Finally, I mixed up ~12g of epoxy (the crock pot melted it beautifully), barely saturated the fiberglass, wetted the seat pan surface, then laid in the layers of mat. Lather, rinse, repeat.
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I'm pretty sure they're going to need more glass on the top side once the key card is removed (if they can be removed... it has just occurred to me that I don't know if hotel key cards stick to epoxy!). Oh well, fingers crossed.